• APPL is highly expressed in pancreatic

  2024-11-13

  

  APPL1 is highly expressed in pancreatic β cells, but its levels are significantly decreased in several mouse models of obesity and diabetes, including HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice [6], [73], suggesting that the dysregulation of APPL1 may be associated with malfunction of the pancreas in obe

• Role of APPL in endosomal signaling

  2024-11-13

  

  Role of APPL in endosomal signaling pathways Endosomes consist of distinct membrane subdomains within individual organelles and assist in the translation of extracellular stimuli via cytoplasmic transduction cascades to the nucleus [3], [74]. Endosomal abnormalities are associated with the pathogen

• Although the role of mossy fiber sprouting in

  2024-11-13

  

  Although the role of mossy fiber sprouting in epileptogenesis has been challenged (Elmer et al., 1997, Nissinen et al., 2001), in addition to astrogliosis, mossy fiber sprouting is one of the characteristic histopathological findings in TLE (Kharatishvili et al., 2006, Pitkanen et al., 2007, Represa

• Our initial approach to identify hits

  2024-11-13

  

  Our initial approach to identify hits was two-pronged and included a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign of the OSI NVP-CGM097 library as well as a virtual screening (VS) campaign, utilizing a publically available crystal structure of ACK1 (PDB code: ). A tolerance for protein flexibility was

• br ACK signaling partners ACK interacts with and tyrosine

  2024-11-13

  

  ACK1 signaling partners ACK1 interacts with and tyrosine phosphorylates many cellular proteins regulating critical cellular processes [11]. While ACK1 shares common intracellular effectors such as AKT with other signaling pathways, it imparts specificity to signaling by phosphorylating effectors

• REM sleep is proposed to create an environment

  2024-11-13

  

  REM sleep is proposed to create an environment to facilitate plasticity processes that create a generalized downregulation of synaptic strength (Grosmark et al., 2012; Tononi and Cirelli, 2014), while synapses are upregulated specifically by the reactivation of neuronal firing sequences experienced

• The exact etiology of BPH is

  2024-11-13

  

  The exact etiology of BPH is not completely understood, however this pathology has been associated with elevated DTP3 levels of the androgen DHT (10). Thus, a valuable strategy in BHP treatment is the reduction of DHT (10) levels, by inhibiting its biosynthetic production [6], [8]. An important pha

• The initial observations indicating a crucial

  2024-11-13

  

  The initial observations indicating a crucial role for ASC-J9 transfer in 17,20 lyase activity were that the molar ratio of POR to P450c17 is three- to four-fold higher in porcine testes than in porcine adrenals, and that adding purified POR to porcine P450c17 in vitro increased 17,20 lyase more th

• Exendin-4 br Discussion Herein we demonstrate that

  2024-11-13

  

  Discussion Herein, we demonstrate that mice deficient in L-12/15 LO are more sensitive to 3-NP-induced toxicity although a substantial individual variability in striatal lesion size in response to 3-NP in both genotypes was observed. This variability is not atypical; several studies demonstrate s

• In glucose stimulated pancreatic cells B Raf activity is inc

  2024-11-12

  

  In glucose-stimulated pancreatic β-cells, B-Raf activity is increased, while Raf-1 activity is under the detection limit (Duan and Cobb, 2010). Thus, B-Raf is the primary protein kinase involved in the rapid activation of ERK1/2 in glucose-treated pancreatic β-cells. Expression of a dominant-negativ

• Using the same techniques we found

  2024-11-12

  

  Using the same techniques, we found that UCP3 also has a half-life of between 1 and 4h [117]. In induced pluripotent stem cell to UCP2 and UCP3, UCP1 and ANT had much longer half-lives and could not be degraded in the cell-free reconstituted system, suggesting their degradation is not mediated by t

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD

  2024-11-12

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the elderly population. Senile plaques in the brain, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD, are formed by the accumulation of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) with an extensive β-sheet s

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology

  2024-11-12

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology and pathology The mammalian 12- and 15-LOXs have high substrate specificity oxidizing predominantly ω−6 (arachidonic and linoleic acids) but also the ω−3 (docosahexanoic) EG00229 receptor [86], [87], [88]. Different LOXs oxidize fatty acids b

• crf1 br Conflict of interest br

  2024-11-12

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major cause of tumor-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Poor prognosis and consequences of its metastatic spread make CRC the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in western countries [1]. Apart from o

• Adiponectin is an adipokine whose circulating level is deple

  2024-11-12

  

  Adiponectin is an adipokine whose circulating level is depleted in a number of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, diabetes and cancer (Khan et al., 2015, Singh et al., 2014a, Singh et al., 2014b, Yamauchi et al., 2014). Despite its importance in health and pathophysiology, adiponectin

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