• Several mechanisms have been suggested to underline the rele

  2022-08-19

  

  Several mechanisms have been suggested to underline the release of signalling molecules from astrocytes: reverse operation of glutamate transporters, volume-regulated anion channels, gap-junctional hemi channels, diffusional release through purinergic receptors and Ca2+-dependent exocytosis [2], [15

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br

  2022-08-19

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Introduction Hyaluronan, a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is produced by hyaluronan synthases (HASs) and degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs) (Vigetti et al., 2014). Physiologically, hyaluronan exists in a form with a molecular weight of

• Another level of complexity within the TGF SMAD and Hippo

  2022-08-19

  

  Another level of complexity within the TGF-ß/SMAD and Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway crosstalks was recently uncovered. TGF-ß induces robust TAZ, but not YAP, protein expression in both mesenchymal and epithelial Ibrutinib through a SMAD3-independent, p38/MAPK-dependent mechanism that triggers myocardin-rel

• BTB06584 br Multiple sclerosis MS is an immune mediated dise

  2022-08-19

  

  Multiple sclerosis MS is an immune-mediated disease of the human CNS with a pathological signature featuring immunocyte infiltration, altered cytokine production, oligodendroglial degeneration, astrogliosis, microglial activation, multifocal demyelination and axonal degeneration (Schipper, 2004b)

• IC is a rat mAb specifically binding to insulin granula

  2022-08-19

  

  IC2 is a rat mAb specifically binding to insulin granula [127,128]. Although this mAb was discovered 30 years ago, it has only recently been used for β-cell imaging in vivo. Moore et al. used this mAb for β-cell imaging in 2001 [129]. After DTPA conjugation, IC2 was labeled with 111In. Both in vitro

• br Excitatory amino acid transporter mediated glutamate

  2022-08-18

  

  Excitatory amino Thymidine transporter-mediated glutamate transport Early studies detailing the presence of uptake systems capable of transporting glutamate and aspartate into neurons and glia represented a critical step in the overall task of demonstrating that l-glutamate was indeed an endogen

• Ca independent release of L C glutamate and

  2022-08-18

  

  Ca2+-independent release of L-[14C]glutamate and [3Н]GABA that occurs via transporters working in the reverse mode also insignificantly increased in vitamin D3 deficiency despite decreased GAT-3 and EAAC-1 ON-01910 and neurotransmitter uptake efficacy Fig. 3, Fig. 6 A). However, the upward tendency

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgements br Introduction Glucose m

  2022-08-18

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgements Introduction Glucose metabolism is vital to prepare uterine epithelium and stroma for embryo implantation and for the differentiation of the functionalis layer to support the developing conceptus [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Due to its polar nature and hydrophilic cond

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2022-08-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we discover that Sufu stabilizes Gli1 protein levels by antagonizing Numb/Itch-mediated protein degradation. Together with previous work that demonstrates control of Gli2/3 protein levels by Sufu (Chen et al., 2009, Jia et al., 2009, W

• br Central control of GI ghrelin

  2022-08-18

  

  Central control of GI ghrelin secretion The CNS communicates with the GI tract through the vagus nerve originating in the DMV and sympathetic spinal afferents emanating from the thoracic spinal chord (Bray, 2000). The cells that secrete peripheral ghrelin are under direct control of these two pat

• RDL is of interest as it

  2022-08-18

  

  RDL is of interest as it is the target of highly effective insecticides (Buckingham et al., 2005, Raymond-Delpech et al., 2005). Point mutations, particularly an alanine to serine or glycine mutation in TM2, underlie resistance to several insecticides, including dieldrin, picrotoxinin and fipronil (

• Activation of FXR or TGR inhibits inflammatory

  2022-08-18

  

  Activation of FXR or TGR5 inhibits inflammatory response via repressing NF-κB activity [1]. FXR is not expressed or expressed at a very low level in macrophages [45] (data not shown), but highly expressed in hepatocytes. In contrast, TGR5 is expressed in macrophages but not in hepatocytes. Our data

• It is considered that activations of

  2022-08-18

  

  It is considered that activations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are closely related to progression process of cancer cells, such as invasion and metastasis [22], [23]. In fibrosarcoma cells, GPR40 suppressed not only MMP-2 and MMP-9 activations, but also cell motile and invasive activities, suggesting GPR40 ne

• Another TKI used in cancer therapy is

  2022-08-18

  

  Another TKI used in cancer therapy is the Abl inhibitor imatinib mesilate which has also a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis in diabetic humans [39], [40], [41]. Imatinib has a clear impact on NFκB activation and anti-apoptotic preconditioning of β-cells [39], attenuating islet inflammation [

• Cidofovir Thus aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction o

  2022-08-18

  

  Thus, aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction of F1,6-P2 synthesis is involved in the formation of the glyconeogenic or glycolytic complex, dependently on the physiological state of the cell. In the process of glycogen synthesis, the enzyme not only supplies the substrate for FBPase and desensit

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